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世界四大航海家

世界四大航海家是哥伦布、达伽马、库克、麦哲伦。

四大航海家简介

1、克里斯托弗哥伦布，意大利探险家、航海家，大航海时代的主要人物之一，是地理大发现的先驱者。出生于中世纪的热那亚共和国。

2、瓦斯科达伽马，出生于葡萄牙锡尼什，维迪格拉伯爵一代，葡萄牙航海家、探险家，是从欧洲绕好望角到印度航海路线的开拓者。

3、詹姆斯库克，FRS，RN，人称库克船长，是英国皇家海军军官、航海家、探险家和制图师。

4、斐迪南麦哲伦，葡萄牙探险家、航海家、殖民者，为西班牙政府效力探险。

航海家是指精于航海的人，其发展在地理大发现时代达到顶盛，扮演了地理发现者的主角。在从前，人类缺乏天文与地理知识，甚至认为大地的尽头是无底深渊，再加上没有精确的定位系统及坚固可靠的航海设备，所以远洋航行是绝对的冒险行为，因此当时的航海家也被视为探险家。

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Vasco da Gama

Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama ,born c. 1469 at Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal; died December 24, 1524 in Kochi, India) was a Portuguese explorer, one of the most successful in the European Age of Discovery, and the first person to sail directly from Europe to India.

Commissioned by King Manuel I of Portugal to find Christian lands in the East (the King, like many Europeans, was under the impression that India was the legendary Christian Kingdom of Prester John), and to gain Portuguese access to the mercial markets of the Orient, da Gama extended the sea route exploration of his predecessor Bartolomeu Dias, who had first rounded Africa's Cape of Good Hope in 1488, culminating a generation of Portuguese sea exploration fostered by the nautical school of Henry the Navigator.

Da Gama's voyage was successful in establishing a sea route from Europe to India that would permit trade with the Far East, without the use of the costly and unsafe Silk Road caravan routes, of the Middle East and Central Asia. However, the voyage was also hampered by its failure to bring any trade goods of interest to the nations of Asia Minor and India. The route was fraught with peril: only 54 of his 170 voyagers, and o of four ships, returned to Portugal in 1499. Nevertheless, da Gama's initial journey led directly to a several-hundred year era of European domination through sea power and merce, and 450 years of Portuguese coloniali *** in India that brought wealth and power to the Portuguese throne.

First voyage

On 18 July1497 the fleet, consisting of four ships, left Li *** on. Its ships were:

The São Gabriel, manded by Vasco da Gama; a carrack of 178 tons, length 27m , width 8.5 m, draft 2.3 m, sails of 372 m², 150 crew

The São Rafael, whose mander was his brother Paulo da Gama; similar dimensions to the São Gabriel

The caravel Berrio, slightly *** aller than the former o (later re-baptized São Miguel), manded by Nicolau Coelho.

A storage ship of unknown name, manded by Gonçalo Nunes, later lost near the Bay of São Brás, along the east coast of Africa.

Rounding the Cape

By December 16, the fleet had passed the White River, South Africa where Dias had turned back, and continued on into waters unknown to Europeans. With Christmas pending, they gave the coast they were passing the name Natal (Christmas in Portuguese),

Mozambique

By January, they had reached modern-day Mozambique, Arab-controlled territory on the East African coast that was part of the Indian Ocean's neork of trade. Fearing the local population would be hostile to Christians, da Gama impersonated a Muslim and gained audience with the Sultan of Mozambique. With the paltry trade goods he had to offer, da Gama was unable to provide a suitable gift to the ruler, and soon the local populace began to see through the subterfuge of da Gama and his men. Forced to quit Mozambique by a hostile crowd, da Gama departed the harbor, firing his cannon into the city in retaliation [1].

Mombasa

In the vicinity of modern Kenya, the expedition resorted to piracy, looting Arab merchant ships - generally unarmed trading vessels without heavy cannon. The Portuguese became the first known Europeans to visit the port of Mombasa, but were met with hostility, and soon departed.

Malindi

Da Gama continued north, landing at the friendlier port of Malindi, whose leaders were in conflict with those of Mombasa; and there the expedition first noted evidence of Indian traders. They contracted the services of Ibn Majid, an Arab navigator and cartographer, whose knowledge of the monsoon winds allowed him to bring the expedition the rest of the way to Calicut (modern Kozhikode) on the southwest coast of India.

India

They arrived in India on 20 May, 1498. Sometimes violent negotiations with the local ruler (usually anglicized as Zamorin), the Wyatt Enourato ensued, in the teeth of resistance from Arab merchants. Eventually da Gama was able to gain an ambiguous letter of concession for trading rights, but had to sail off without warning after the Zamorin insisted da Gama leave all his goods as collateral. Da Gama kept his goods, but left a few Portuguese with orders to start a trading post.

Return

Vasco da Gama lands at Calicut, May 20, 1498Paulo da Gama died in the Azores on the homeward voyage, but on Vasco da Gama's return to Portugal in September 1499, he was richly rewarded as the man who had brought to fruition a plan that had taken eighty years. He was given the title "Admiral of the Indian Ocean", and the feudal rights over Sines were confirmed. He also was awarded the title Dom (count) by Manuel I.

Da Gama's voyage had made it clear that the farther (East) coast of Africa, the Contra Costa, was essential to Portuguese interests: its ports provided fresh water and provisions, timber and harbors for repairs, and a region to wait out unfavorable seasons. Also the spice modity would prove to be a major contribution to the Portuguese economy.

Second voyage

On 12 February 1502, da Gama again sailed with a fleet of enty warships, to enforce Portuguese interests. Pedro Álvares Cabral had been sent to India o years earlier (when he accidentally discovered Brazil, though some claim it was intentional), and finding that those at the trading post had been murdered, and encountering further resistance, he had bombarded Calicut. He also brought back silk and gold to prove he had been to India once again.

At one point, da Gama waited for a ship to return from Mecca, and seized all the merchandise; they then locked the 380 passengers in the hold and set the ship on fire. It took four days for the ship to sink, killing all men, women, and children[2].

Da Gama assaulted and exacted tribute from the Arab-controlled port of Kilwa in East Africa, one of those ports involved in frustrating the Portuguese; he played privateer amongst Arab merchant ships, then finally *** ashed a Calicut fleet of enty-nine ships, and essentially conquered that port city[citation needed]. In return for peace, he received valuable trade concessions and a vast quantity of plunder, putting him in extremely good favor with the Portuguese crown.

On his return to Portugal, he was made Count of Vidigueira out of lands previously belonging to the future royal Bragança family. He was also awarded feudal rights and jurisdiction over Vidigueira and Vila dos Frades.

Third voyage

Having acquired a fearsome reputation as a "fixer" of problems that arose in India, he was sent to the subcontinent once more in 1524. The intention was that he was to replace the inpetent Eduardo de Menezes as viceroy (representative) of the Portuguese possessions, but he contracted malaria not long after arriving in at Goa and died in the city of Cochin on Christmas Eve in 1524. His body was first buried at St. Francis Church, Fort Kochi, Kochi, then later his remains were returned to Portugal in 1539 and re-interred in Vidigueira in a splendid tomb. The Monastery of the Hieronymites in Belém was erected in honor of his voyage to India. Religious intoleranceVasco da Gama initiated the religious persecution ,which his successors carried on till the very end of Coloniali *** . He brought monks along with him in his journeys to preach. He showed extreme cruelty to the Muslims and the Hindu inhabitants of the land.He did not spare even the native christians .

Da Gama and his wife, Catarina de Ataíde, had six sons and one daughter: Francisco da Gama, Conde da Vidigueira; Estevão da Gama; Paulo da Gama; Cristovão da Gama; Pedro da Silva da Gama; Alvaro de Athaide; and Isabel de Athaide da Gama.

As much as anyone after Henry the Navigator, da Gama was responsible for Portugal's success as an early colonizing power. Besides the first voyage itself, it was his astute mix of politics and war on the other side of the world that placed Portugal in a prominent position in Indian Ocean trade. The Portuguese national epic, the Lusíadas of Luís Vaz de Camões largely concerns Vasco da Gama's voyages.

Following da Gama's initial voyage, the Portuguese crown realized that securing outposts on the eastern coast of Africa would prove vital to maintaining their trade routes to the Far East.

The port city of Vasco da Gama in Goa is named for him, as is the Vasco da Gama crater, a big crater on the Moon. There are three football clubs in Brazil (including Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama) and Vasco Sports Club in Goa that were also named after him. A church in Kochi, Kerala Vasco da Gama Church, a private residence on the island of Saint Helena and Vasco da Gama Bridge are also named after him.

看脸时代瓦斯科约会是哪一集

81-82

《看脸时代》是韩国人气漫画作家朴泰俊创作的漫画，连载于Naver（韩）、咚漫（中）平台。漫画讲述了全校最丑陋的男同学朴玄硕在一夜之间拥有可以变换身体的能力，最丑与最帅的外貌会给他带来什么意外？

《看脸时代》在作画、剧情、人物等细节把握得恰到好处，分寸拿捏精准，剧情高潮部分也可圈可点，在作者的画笔下，泪水与欢笑交织、宁静与热血共存的校园故事被细细勾勒而出，完美上演。

瓦斯科（李恩泰）绰号怪力。瓦斯科其实也是他的绰号，因为李恩泰本人十分崇拜超级英雄“火蓝英雄”瓦斯科，所以朴范在就称他为瓦斯科，接着大家就都叫他瓦斯科。于是久而久之似乎就没人知道他的本名了。

瓦斯科·达·伽马的故事

瓦斯科·达·伽马1460年出生，是葡萄牙的著名航海家，他开辟了西欧到印度的新航路。

14—15世纪时的西欧，发展迅速，对外贸易交流也发展起来。由于《马克·波罗游记》对中国和印度的精彩描述，使西方人认为东方遍地是黄金、财宝。然而原有的东西方贸易商路却被阿拉伯人控制着。为了满足自己对黄金的贪欲，欧洲的封建主、商人、航海家开始冒着生命危险远航大西洋去开辟到东方的新航路。

1497年夏天，达·伽马奉葡萄牙国王之命，率领着由四艘船只组成的远征队，从里斯本南部的海港出发，开始了前往印度的航行。

船队由到过非洲南端好望角的航海家迪亚士领航，经过整整四个月的航行，终于抵达好望角。好望角犹如一个死亡角，在遭受3天3夜狂浪骤雨的袭击之后，船队终于绕过好望角，进入了印度洋。

1498年4月，远征队来到肯尼亚的马林迪。在这里，他们得到了一位有经验的阿拉伯领航员。在他率领下，达·伽马一行得以安全地横越印度洋，于5月20日抵达印度西洋岸重镇科泽科德。

达·伽马他们一上岸，便被这里的繁荣富庶与异国风光给惊呆了。当一个会讲葡萄牙语的阿拉伯人告诉他们，这里有很多红宝石、绿宝石、有很多香料、丝绸时，他们是多么高兴啊!他们用国内带来的物品和金钱与印度人交换当地的土产、宝石、香料等，价格的便宜，让达·伽马他们的心里都乐开了花。

达·伽马在科泽科德竖立了一根显示葡萄牙权力的标柱，正如他在这次航行的途中所竖的其它标柱一样，暴露了他殖民者的强盗嘴脸。长期垄断这里贸易的阿拉伯商人，把他们视作自己的竞争对手，并逼迫他们在8月底离开了科泽科德。

回国途中，由于没有向导，达·伽马他们历尽千难万险。坏死病在船员中漫延，不少人因而病倒、死亡。由于暴风雨袭击，船队被冲散。当达·伽马于1499年9月带领船队回到里斯本时，人员已经不到出发时的一半了。

达·伽马首航印度的成功，使葡萄牙举国为之欢腾，国王也极为高兴，下令授予达·伽马贵族称号，并赐给他许多的钱财和地产。此外，从海外带回的各种财物，也卖了许多钱，使船队中每个活着回来的人都发了大财。

这次航行的成功，激起了新兴资产阶级追求财富的疯狂热情，从此开始了一个殖民掠夺扩张的新时代。

1502年2月，达·伽马奉命向印度洋做第二次航行，以便建立葡萄牙在印度洋的'霸权。达·伽马率领十艘船组成的船队，一路上耀武扬威，向沿途居民进行挑衅、威胁、宣布宗主权，还截掠商船、屠杀船员、商人与渔民。到达印度后，又攻占了那里的重镇科泽科德和权钦，使它们成为葡萄牙在印度进行殖民统治的根据地。

1503年9月，达·伽马回到葡萄牙，成了全国最富有的贵族。

1524年9月，达·伽马又被任命为葡萄牙在印度的总督，第三次到达印度。然而，此时他已年老体衰，到任不足3个月便病逝，了，此时正是1524年12月24日。达·伽马的一生既是航海家的一生，也是早期殖民者掠夺的一生。他开创的新航线，开辟了欧洲进行殖民掠夺扩张的新时代。

新航路开辟的四个人物是什么?

新航路开辟的四个人物是：

1、哥伦布：

在哥伦布1492年的第一次航行中，瓦斯科他在巴哈马群岛的一个叫作“圣萨尔瓦多”的地方登陆，而不是计划中的日本。在后来的三次航行中，哥伦布到达过大安的列斯群岛、小安的列斯群岛、加勒比海岸的委内瑞拉、以及中美洲，并宣布它们为西班牙帝国的领地。

2、迪亚士：

迪亚士，出生于葡萄牙的一个王族世家，青年时代就喜欢海上的探险活动，曾随船到过西非的一些国家，积累瓦斯科了丰富的航海经验。曾经带领船队航行至非洲大陆最南端并发现好望角，为葡萄牙开辟通往印度的新航线奠定了坚实的基础。

2、麦哲伦：

麦哲伦首次横渡太平洋，在地理学和航海史上产生了一场革命。证明地球表面大部分地区不是陆地，而是海洋，世界各地的海洋不是相互隔离的，而是一个统一的完整水域。这样为后人的航海事业起到了开路先锋的作用。

4、瓦斯科·达·伽马：

瓦斯科·达·伽马是开拓了从欧洲绕过好望角通往印度的地理大发现家，促进了欧亚贸易的发展。在1869年苏伊士运河通航前，欧洲对印度洋沿岸各国和中国的贸易，主要通过这条航路。这条航路的通航也是葡萄牙和欧洲其他国家在亚洲从事殖民活动的开端。

最早航海家是

迄今有名可查的中国最早的航海家是徐福瓦斯科，徐福瓦斯科，字君房瓦斯科，齐地琅琊郡(今江苏省连云港市赣榆区金山镇徐福村)人，秦代著名方士，相传也是鬼谷子先生的关门弟子。他博学多才，通晓医学、天文、航海，在沿海一带民众中名望甚高。

航海家有哪些历史名人

1、 哥伦布 一生从事航海活动。先后移居葡萄牙和西班牙。相信大地球形说，认为从欧洲西航可达东方的印度和中国。

在西班牙国王支持下，先后4次出海远航。开辟了横渡大西洋到美洲的航路。先后到达巴哈马群岛、古巴、海地、多米尼加、特立尼达等岛。

2、 詹姆斯·库克 ，人称库克船长，是英国皇家海军军官、航海家、探险家和制图师。库克年少时曾于英国商船队服役，在1755年加入皇家海军后，他参与过七年战争，后来又在魁北克战役期间协助绘制圣劳伦斯河河口大部份地区的地图。战后在1760年代为纽芬兰岛制作多张精细的地图。库克绘制地图的才能获得海军部和皇家学会的青睐，促成他在1766年获委任为奋进号船长，首度出海往太平洋探索。1779年2月14日，库克和他的船员在第三次探索太平洋期间，与夏威夷岛上的岛民发生打斗，遇害身亡。

3、 斐迪南·麦哲伦 ，葡萄牙探险家、航海家、殖民者，为西班牙政府效力探险。麦哲伦首次横渡太平洋，在地理学和航海史上产生了一场革命。证明地球表面大部分地区不是陆地，而是海洋，世界各地的海洋不是相互隔离的，而是一个统一的完整水域。这样为后人的航海事业起到了开路先锋的作用。

4、 瓦斯科·达·伽马 ，出生于葡萄牙锡尼什，维迪格拉伯爵一代，葡萄牙航海家、探险家，是从欧洲绕好望角到印度航海路线的开拓者。

瓦斯科·达·伽马是开拓了从欧洲绕过好望角通往印度的地理大发现家，促进了欧亚贸易的发展。在1869年苏伊士运河通航前，欧洲对印度洋沿岸各国和中国的贸易，主要通过这条航路。这条航路的通航也是葡萄牙和欧洲其他国家在亚洲从事殖民活动的开端。

5、 巴尔托罗梅乌·谬·迪亚士 （约1451——1500），葡萄牙航海家，于1488年春天最早探险至非洲最南端的好望角的莫塞尔湾，为后来的另一位葡萄牙航海家达·伽马开辟通往印度的新航海线奠定基础。

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